Frequency Support from Offshore Wind Farms

Due to the increase in offshore wind generation, transmission system operators are concerned over the ability of wind farms to provide ancillary services. In particular, there has been concern over their capability to provide dynamic frequency support upon sudden disturbances in the grid frequency.

Grid integration of bulk offshore wind power is expected to be carried out using HVDC technologies. Due to the added flexibility and reliability of power transfer offered by a meshed HVDC grid, a number of projects are being evaluated at the moment. The costs for such international initiatives will be inherently high. Thus, the inclusion of ancillary services such as frequency support may be justified.

In this research project, mathematical modelling will be carried out to represent offshore wind farms for frequency support provision. The model will take into account wind speed variations between different wind turbines in the wind farm. GH Bladed will be employed to represent the wind turbine aerodynamic response and rotor dynamics. System modelling will be carried out in DIgSILENT. An algorithm that coordinates the frequency support of individual turbines and of the wind farm as a whole will be verified through computer simulations. The concept will be validated experimentally and in real time using laboratory equipment available in Cardiff University (electric machines, HVDC test-rig, and RTDS). These items will be used to build an experimental platform. The algorithm will be implemented in a comprehensive GB model (facilitated by National Grid) for further verifications.

Candidates should hold or expect to gain a first class numerate degree or a good 2.1 and/or an appropriate Master’s level qualification (or their equivalent). Applicants whose first language is not English will be required to demonstrate proficiency in the English language (IELTS 6.5 or equivalent).