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So far, bio- and chemical- sensors are based on either optical or electrochemical signals. A multimodal sensor, which combines both the electrochemical and optical detection, is desirable in many ways including to improve the sensitivity and specificity, and to demonstrate multifunctionality. 2D materials may provide an ideal solution. In this project, we will develop such multimodal sensors using 2D layered materials in an LED or a light-emitting field-effect transistor configuration, integrated with microfluidic channels for surface functionalisation and analyte delivery, as well as a CMOS compatible silicon photodetector array for optical signal detection, in order to investigate biological and chemical reactions, such as proteins binding, enzymes actions and so on.

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