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Plants are constantly being challenged by microbial pathogens and they have evolved the capacity to detect and defend against these incoming microbes. To do this, plants use surveillance systems that are made up of extracellular and intracellular receptors and a global defence network including signaling cascades, pathogenesis related proteins and non-coding RNAs.
To overcome plant immune systems, bacteria, filamentous fungi and oomycetes secrete effector proteins that are delivered into host cells. Until now, numerous effectors have been characterized, and the current consensus is that effectors can target different cellular structures and compartments, and re-program various cellular machineries for the benefit of pathogens in terms of establishing successful infection.
Gene silencing is a cellular regulatory mechanism, and it also acts as an innate plant immune defense against pathogens. Gene silencing can be triggered by miRNA or siRNA. Gene silencing has also been exploited and used to investigate plant immune system. However, majority of the works on the pathogen side have concentrated on the effectors. In addition, some of the most important plant pathogens including downy mildews, powdery mildews and rusts are biotrophic and hence prove difficult to be transformed.
To overcome this, generally host plants are transformed with the RNAi and the gene in the pathogen that is expected to be silenced, a technique called Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS). HIGS may involve bidirectional movement of small RNAs (sRNA), and indeed such bidirectional sRNA movement from pathogen to host or vice versa has been investigated in several pathogen-plant pathosystems, but downy mildews are underrepresented in these studies.
We would like to investigate bidirectional sRNA movement between Peronospora viciae f.sp pisi (PVP) and pea plant. Reference genome sequences for both the pathogen and the host are available. This will allow a timely investigation into the role of sRNAs in reciprocal signaling between the host and the pathogen.
Initially, this work will determine whether the sRNAs are involved in the PVP-pea interactions. This would lead to; a) understanding the role of reciprocal sRNA signaling in plant-microbe interactions; b) further works to explore sRNAs in manipulating disease development using synthetic biology.
The student will receive research training in: Molecular biology, plant pathology, bioinformatics. The student will have opportunity to work with different groups and laboratories. The supervisors have extensive experience in supervising students and collaborated and published joint papers before. Results obtained from this work will be published in internationally peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at national and international scientific meetings.
To begin the application process please go to https://www.worcester.ac.uk/courses/plant-biology-mphilphd and click ‘How to Apply’ in the top menu. This PhD could be caried out on a part time or full time basis so please select the relevant application link. On the application form, please make it clear that you are applying for one of our advertised projects so we can direct it straight to the relevant people.
All successful applicants will be offered an interview with the proposed Supervisory Team. You will be contacted by a member of the Research School Team to find a suitable date. Interviews can be conducted in person or over Microsoft Teams.
For more information about Doctoral Loans please visit: https://www.worc.ac.uk/study/fees-and-finance/doctoral-loans.aspx
During your PhD you can access the Research Student Support Scheme to support dissemination costs associated with your research, up to £500 a year.
We carry out both fundamental and translational research in the field of plant and microbial biosciences. We are interested in answering the following fundamental questions; how do obligate pathogens such as downy mildews coordinate their attack to overcome the plants’ defence? What is the basis of their host specificity? Do they synchronize their physiological and metabolic activity with their hosts? Can we carry out reverse genetics to reveal the role of pathogenicity and developmental genes?
We aim to take the information gained to develop a potential disease control strategy against downy mildews on crop plants. Our further translational research includes genomic assisted plant breeding and genome editing for crop improvements.
As part of its mission statement the University is committed to widening participation for its higher degrees. Although most candidates will have an undergraduate and/or a Masters degree, the University is happy to accept applications from candidates with relevant professional qualifications and work related experience.
Professor Mahmut Tor, Professor Yiguo Hong, Dr Tom Wood
Professor Mahmut Tor, Molecular Plant and Microbial Biosciences Research Unit, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester
Professor Yiguo Hong, Molecular Plant and Microbial Biosciences Research Unit School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester
Dr Tom Wood, (External) National Institute of Agricultural Botany
For further information or an informal discussion on this project, please contact Prof Mahmut Tor (Director of Studies) via email at m.tor@worc.ac.uk
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