Muscle function during running

The anatomy of the legs is complex with multiple muscles that are (anatomically) capable of flexing and extending the limb joints. How do these muscles operate mechanically and how is their action co-ordinated to produce stable and economical walking and running? A new model proposes that the geometry of the limbs and anatomical positioning of the muscles enables muscles to operate sequentially as linkages that avoid work demands (Usherwood, 2022: J. Exp. Biol. 225, jeb243254). The aim of this project is to determine how the muscles operate during locomotion.

The project will use an animal model and will involve a range of state-of-the-art physiological techniques (electromyography, sonomicrometry, muscle ergometry) to determine muscle function during locomotion. 3D motion analysis will be used to determine limb and body kinematics and kinetics.

The project will lead to a detailed insight into how muscles are used during locomotion, and how their function can be modulated in response to external factors such as gradient, substrate and speed. It will also lead to the advancement of models of locomotion, which will play an important role the replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) of animals in scientific research and the development of improved treatments for disorders affecting gait.

Eligibility

Applicants to research degree programmes should normally have at least a first class or an upper second class British Bachelors Honours degree (or equivalent) in an appropriate discipline.

Applicants whose first language is not English must provide evidence that their English language is sufficient to meet the specific demands of their study. The Faculty of Biological Sciences minimum requirements in IELTS and TOEFL tests are:

• British Council IELTS - score of 6.0 overall, with no element less than 5.5
• TOEFL iBT - overall score of 87 with the listening and reading element no less than 20, writing element no less than 21 and the speaking element no less than 22. 

How to apply

To apply for this project applicants should complete an online application form and attach the following documentation to support their application. 

• a full academic CV
• degree certificate and transcripts of marks
• Evidence that you meet the University's minimum English language requirements (if applicable)
• Evidence of funding/state you wish to apply for a scholarship

To help us identify that you are applying for this project please ensure you provide the following information on your application form;

• Select PhD in Biological Sciences as your programme of study
• Give the full project title and name the supervisors listed in this advert

For information about the application process please contact the Faculty Admissions Team:

e: fbsgrad@leeds.ac.uk