In recent decades, a rich and sophisticated literature has emerged, in International Relations and in the broader social sciences, demonstrating how a range of methods can be used to derive reasonably secure causal inferences. Rather less attention has been paid to the fact that, in the world around us, causal relations often fail to play out in a uniform fashion. Read more
In virtually every recent territorial dispute, the concept of 'territorial integrity' is invoked, from Ukraine's efforts to repel Russia's invasion to China's efforts to exercise influence over Taiwan. Read more
Across democracies around the world, there is widespread partisan polarization. Political conflict is central to democracy. However, democratic functioning is under threat when political identities solidify into polarized groups who are unwilling to engage respectfully with each other. Read more
In the last decade, principal–agent theory has almost completely dominated theorizing on conflict delegation. Although not without criticism, it is fair to say that principal– agent theory has become the dominant framework through which we have come to study external support to non-state armed groups. Read more
The Department of Politics at the University of Reading seeks to appoint an outstanding and highly motivated PhD candidate for a period of 3 full years (36 months). Read more
The Global War on Terror (WoT) was announced by US President George W. Bush shortly after the al Qaeda attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. Read more
Anthropocentric climate change exhibits asymmetric impacts on specific States, particularly those that endured economic, social, and political exploitation during the colonial era and underwent extensive fossil-fuel-based industrialisation. Read more
United Nations (UN) peace operations are increasingly deployed to challenging situations of ongoing conflict with lofty expectations of being able to stabilise conflict zones, achieve national reconciliation, and rebuild state legitimacy. Read more
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