Leaving the European Union the UK will again become fully responsible for the development of its foreign trade law and policy – an area for which the EU currently holds exclusive competence.
Proportionality has become the global currency in human rights law. Yet, most of the discourse on the use of the proportionality test is devoted to technical legal formulae.
It is estimated that 77% of working mothers in the UK have a negative or possibly discriminatory experience during pregnancy, maternity or when returning to work and that annually as many as 54,000 mothers feel forced to leave their jobs as a result of such behaviour (EHRC/BIS, 2016).
Empowering patient choice is at the heart of health policy in England and Wales. Over recent years, the partnership between doctor and patient has evolved to place the patient’s views at the centre of treatment decision-making by reference to individual rights, and notably the concept of autonomy.
It is widely acknowledged that disasters, such as devastating earthquakes, cyclones or tsunamis, disproportionality affect the already marginalised, and create negative cycles of marginalisation and poverty, as well as that such disasters are not the result of natural hazards, but rather of hazards in combination with human-made vulnerabilities (eg Wisner et al 2004; Kelman et al 2016).
