Strategies to balance enhanced fish consumption with sustainable fish production.

Fish and shellfish are an important and healthy component of our diet, but it is debated whether dietary recommendations help to enhance consumption, and whether recommendations can be justified based on a sustainable supply1. This project aims to exploit the natural synergy between research capabilities and national databases and the University of Aberdeen to better understand how we can streamline strategies to enhance human fish and shellfish consumption towards international recommendations with sustainable production of aquaculture and wild caught fish in the UK, now and in the future.
The project would start with an investigation into the potential aquaculture carrying capacity of the UK (both fish and shellfish) and the volume of wild caught fish available when stocks are fished at Maximum Sustainable Yield. This will build on work undertaken by the lead supervisor2 to simulate populations3 based on knowledge of fish biology, fishing patterns and variability in fish populations, linking their management to potential yield. In this respect it goes beyond studies of the status quo fish landings1 to provide data of the potential yield of key UK fish stocks after the ongoing recovery from an overfished state2. Data would be compared with current consumer purchasing (applying the Kantar Worldpanel database) and consumption patterns (applying the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) database), to establish the additional amount of fish required to meet demand when adhering to dietary recommendations. In the second phase, alternative scenarios of climate and concomitant changes in fish stock distributions will enable us to predict the introduction of new fish species that may replace others in terms of production and consumption. For both objectives, we aim to assess if available fish would provide the required protein, n-3 fatty acids and micronutrients to deliver expected societal health improvements. An overarching consumer-based study will investigate whether and to what extent new species have a potential consumer market in the UK.

KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
• If everyone in the UK would eat the national recommended two portions of, primarily pelagic, fish a week, would there be enough fish to go around, considering we are part of a global market?
• What other fish may be more viable for aquaculture in the future given the current trends in climate change and what wild fish might be anticipated as becoming resident in our waters?
• What would be the likely nutritional composition of alternative fish/shellfish species and how would these compare with current species in terms of their potential to impact on the health of the population?
• Will consumers buy and eat any new species of fish and shellfish from UK waters or not and would they eat such species now if an appropriate import stream could be realised?

This innovative and interdisciplinary approach by natural and socio-economic scientists, relevant for two of the strategic University Themes (i.e. Pathways to a Healthy Life, Environment and Food Security), will provide the required scientific basis for a vision to alter the UK diet to incorporate more marine-based products which will result in clear societal impact in terms of public health, and economic impact in terms of income generation for aquaculture and fisheries, as well as the UK Food Industry. The proposed dietary changes will be undertaken such that the food sources involved are sustainably managed. The project will benefit significantly from the unique combination of comprehensive knowledge held by the supervisors and information available in datasets by Marine Scotland, DEFRA and the Rowett. This project is endorsed by Seafish and the Food Standards Agency, and in addition it aims to build on current collaborations between the supervisors and other relevant stakeholders such as the Fishing Industry Science Alliance, Scottish Salmon Producers Organisation, Biomar, Marine Harvest, Sainsbury’s, Young’s Seafood and other smaller fish producers. There will be further scope to broaden the remit to Europe, encompassing the Common Fisheries Policy, and tapping into Horizon 2020 funds for Food Security.
The student will receive training in biological population dynamics, to understand how key biological parameters, such as growth, maturity, fecundity and physiology, are affected by climate, fishing and animal husbandry, to affect the supply of protein and essential nutrients from aquaculture and wild capture fisheries.