Prof Sue Kimber, Dr S Garg, Prof R Baines
No more applications being accepted
Competition Funded PhD Project (European/UK Students Only)
About the Project
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder, with early childhood onset and population prevalence of 1%. The neurobiology of ASD is poorly understood which impedes treatment discovery. There is intense international interest in understanding the neural basis of ASD in order to identify targets for biological treatments. However, direct study of the brain/ neurons is impossible in humans. This proposal is to develop an in vitro human pluripotent stem cell disease model of Neurofibromatosis Type 1(NF1), a single-gene syndromic model of ASD. NF1 is the commonest autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with birth incidence of 1:2700. Around 80% children with NF1 have learning disabilities and behavioural impairments including ASD. Mice carrying heterozygous null mutation of the Nf1 gene demonstrate the behavioural phenotype analogous to human NF1 and have provided mechanistic understanding of the underlying neurobiology. The primary defect is known to reside in the neurons; impaired NF1 function leads to disinhibition of the Ras/MAPKinase pathway, increased GABA mediated inhibition and impairments in long-term potentiation and synaptic function. Targeted treatments such as Simvastatin and Lamotrigine reverse the NF1 associated cognitive impairments in Nf1+/- mice but translational clinical trials in humans have so far been unsuccessful, with two failed multicentre RCTs of statins in children with NF1.
The aim of the proposal is to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to understand the neurobiology of ASD in NF1. Using NF1 as a monogenic ASD model, we will derive iPSCs from children with NF1+ASD, differentiate them to GABAergic neurons and use them for testing hypotheses generated from animal models. Since iPSCs can be scaled up to provide a platform for drug screening studies in NF1 and autism we will identify targets for drug testing and initiate medium through-put screens to carry out preliminary tests for efficacy. CRISPR Cas9 gene editing will be used to correct the defect and validate the phenotype in isogenic lines. Insights gained from studying NF1 ASD can be applied to ‘common ASD’ as many genetic variants associated with common ASD have functional expression on the Ras/MAPK pathways. Human iPSCs provide a more relevant model system than rodents and have the potential to make a significant scientific contribution to understanding autism as well as to reducing the number of animals in NF1 and autism research.
http://www.msca.manchester.ac.uk/
http://www.hpscale.manchester.ac.uk/
http://www.marm.manchester.ac.uk/
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/nwescc
Funding Notes
This project is to be funded under the MRC Doctoral Training Partnership. If you are interested in this project, please make direct contact with the Principal Supervisor to arrange to discuss the project further as soon as possible. You MUST also submit an online application form - full details on how to apply can be found on the MRC DTP website www.manchester.ac.uk/mrcdtpstudentships
Applications are invited from UK/EU nationals only. Applicants must have obtained, or be about to obtain, at least an upper second class honours degree (or equivalent) in a relevant subject.
References
Ye J, Bates N, Soteriou D, Grady L, Edmond C, Ross A, Kerby A, Lewis P, Adeniyi T, Wright R, Poulton K, Kimber SJ*, Brison D* (2017) High quality clinical grade human embryonic stem cell lines derived from fresh discarded embryos. J Stem Cells and Clin Therapy , DOI 10.1186/s13287-017-0561-y *Joint corresponding authors
Vitillo, L, Baxter, M, Iskender, B, Whiting P, Kimber S.J. (2016) Focal Adhesion Kinase Protects Human ES Cells from Apoptosis, Detachment and Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 7 167-176
Garg S, Brooks A, Burns A, Burkitt-Wright E, Kerr B, Huson S , Emsley, R, Green J. (2017) Autism Spectrum Disorder and other neurobehavioural comorbidities in rare disorders of the RAS pathway. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 59:544-549. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13394
Garg S, Plasschaert E, Descheemaeker M-J, Huson S, Borghgraef M, Vogels A, Evans DG, Legius E, Green J.(2015) Autism Spectrum Disorder Profile in Neurofibromatosis Type I. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. 2015; 45: 1649-57
Lin, W-H., Giachello, C. & Baines, R. (2017) Seizure control through genetic and pharmacological manipulation of Pumilio in Drosophila: a key component of neuronal homeostasis Disease Models & Mech. 10:141-150.