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  Understanding the basis of snake venom variation: assessing the diversification and regulation of toxin-encoding genes


   Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Group

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Dr N Casewell  No more applications being accepted  Competition Funded PhD Project (Students Worldwide)

About the Project

Snake venoms are highly variable in their composition, with different toxins contributing to the venom mixture in different species. Such variation has medical consequences by affecting the efficacy of antivenom therapy. This project offers an exciting opportunity for a PhD-student to join the Venom-Research-Unit to investigate the basis of snake venom variation by assessing the relative importance that (i) toxin diversification (i.e. presence/absence of toxin-encoding genes) and (ii) post-transcriptional mechanisms (i.e. microRNAs) have on the resulting venom mixture. The successful applicant will be trained in a variety of molecular, proteomic, bioinformatic and evolutionary methodologies required to undertake this project.

Funding Notes

Studentships are for full time students only and for a period of three years. Students will receive an award equivalent to the Research Council stipend (Home/EU level) and a contribution towards their running costs of £5,000 per year.

LSTM will fund fees for students supported by these studentships at the Home/EU level. There will be no additional funding available for students requiring international fees. Applicants paying international level fees will need to find additional funding from alternative sources.

The studentships will be awarded to excellent students following a rigorous short-listing procedure and interview process.

References

Vonk FJ, Casewell NR, Henkel CV, Heimburg A, Jansen HJ, McCleary RJR, Kerkkamp HME, Vos R, Guerreiro I, Calvete JJ, Wüster W, Woods AE, Logan JM, Harrison RA, Castoe TA, de Koning APJ, Pollock DD, Renjifo C, Currier RB, Salgado D, Pla D, Sanz L, Hyder AS, Ribeiro JMC, Arntzen JW, van den Thillart GEEJ, Boetzer M, Pirovano W, Dirks RP, Spaink HP, Duboule D, McGlinn E, Kini RM, Richardson MK. 2013. The king cobra genome reveals dynamic evolution and adaptation in the snake venom system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 110(51), 20651-20656.

Durban J, Pérez A, Sanz L, Gómez A, Bonilla F, Rodriguez S, Chacón D, Sasa M, Angulo Y, Gutiérrez JM, Calvete JJ. 2013. Integrated “omics” profiling indicates that miRNAs are modulators of the ontogenetic venom composition shift in the Central American rattlesnake, Crotalus simus simus. BMC Genomics 14, 234.

Casewell NR, Wüster W, Vonk FJ, Harrison RA, Fry BG. 2013. Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28, 219-229.

Casewell NR, Huttley GA, Wüster W. 2012. Dynamic evolution of venom proteins in squamate reptiles. Nature Communications 3, 1066.

Fry BG, Scheib H, van der Weerd L, Young B, McNaughtan J, Ramjan SFR, Vidal N, Poelmann RE, Norman JA. 2008. Evolution of an arsenal: structural and functional diversification of the venom system in the advanced snakes (Caenophidia). Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7(2), 215-246.