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  Being a good sportsman: Consequences of prosocial and antisocial sport behaviour


   School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences

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Prof Maria Kavussanu Prof C Ring  Applications accepted all year round  Self-Funded PhD Students Only

About the Project

This project can be offered either on a full-time or a part-time basis. Please email the prospective supervisor for more details.

Prosocial behaviours are behaviours intended to benefit others (Eisenberg & Fabes, 1998), e.g., helping a player off the floorm whereas antisocial behaviours are acts intended to harm or disadvantage the recipient (Sage, Kavussanu, & Duda, 2006), e.g., trying to injure another player. Several studies have identified predictors of prosocial and antisocial sport behaviours, such as empathy, moral disengagement, moral identity, and social goals (Boardley & Kavussanu, 2007; Sage et al., 2006). However, no study has examined consequences of these behaviours.

The purpose of this project is to investigate consequences of prosocial and antisocial behaviours in sport. The project will consist of three studies. In the first study, participants from a variety of sport teams, will complete questionnaires measuring positive and negative affect, subjective well-being, performance, and team cohesion. Psychological variables will be measured with questionnaires that have been validated in previous research, e.g., Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), while performance will be measured using coach ratings. In the second study, we will collect data from five football teams at three points in the season. Questionnaires measuring the same variables as in the first study will be completed by players at the beginning, middle and end of the season. In addition, nine football matches will be filmed for each team (three at the beginning, three at the middle and three at the end of the season). The filmed games will be analysed by coding sport behaviours. Performance will also be coded as number of successful passes. In the third study an intervention with coaches and players will be developed and administered to three football teams. Three equivalent football teams will serve as control groups. The intervention will aim to enhance players’ empathy and reduce their moral disengagement, and teach coaches to create a motivational climate that emphasises personal improvement and cooperation among players; coaches will also be taught to encourage fair play. The same variables measured in study 1 will also be measured in this study at the beginning and end of the intervention.

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Funding Notes

We welcome applications from Home/EU and overseas students. The University of Birmingham offers a number of competitive scholarships for students of the highest calibre. Further details are available at :
http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/students/fees/postgraduate/scholarships/index.aspx.

Eligibility requirements: An Undergraduate Honours degree with a minimum classification of a 2.1 or equivalent, research experience in the form of undergraduate or MSc dissertation in sport psychology or related field, and an English Language qualification for international students.


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Project supervisors

Career overview

Professor Maria Kavussanu was born in Crete, Greece, where she lived until the age of 18. She studied Physical Education and Sport Science at the University of Athens, Greece. After receiving a fellowship from the Greek National State Scholarships Foundation, she continued her studies abroad, obtaining an MSc in Exercise and Sport Science from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and a PhD in Sport and Exercise Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. As a PhD student, she received the student research award from the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity in 1995 and 1996. Professor Kavussanu worked as a lecturer at Illinois State University and then at Loughborough University before her appointment at the University of Birmingham in 2002. During her early career, she received a young investigator''s award from the European College of Sports Science. She has published over 120 journal articles and book chapters and has secured research funding from various organisations, including the Economic and Social Research Council, the Nuffield Foundation, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and the International Olympic Committee. In her spare time, she enjoys playing tennis and swimming.


Research interests

Professor Maria Kavussanu''s research focuses on morality in sport, particularly the antecedents and consequences of prosocial and antisocial behaviour among athletes. She aims to understand why some athletes engage in cheating and aggression while others adhere to fair play, as well as the factors that promote helping behaviours among athletes. Additionally, she investigates the conditions that optimise motivation in training and competition, the influence of parental guidance in sport, and performance under competitive pressure. Professor Kavussanu has developed moral interventions to combat doping in athletes and enhance authentic leadership in coaches. Her research has been supported by various funding bodies, including the Economic and Social Research Council, the Nuffield Foundation, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and the International Olympic Committee.

View Professor Maria Kavussanu's profile 
Career overview

Professor Christopher Ring studied psychology at the University of Hull, graduating with a first-class degree in 1987. He then pursued further studies at the State University of New York at Stony Brook under the supervision of Jasper Brener, completing his PhD in cardiac psychophysics in 1993. Following this, he undertook a post-doctoral fellowship in respiratory psychophysiology at Ohio University. In 1995, he joined the School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Birmingham, where he has been a professor of psychology since then. Over his career, Professor Ring has published over 150 research articles, secured funding from various research councils, charities, and industry, and collaborated with international experts. He has supervised 30 doctoral students who are now employed at universities worldwide. His teaching includes a popular third-year module on the psychophysiology of sport.


Research interests

Professor Ring''s research interests are broad and encompass skill acquisition and performance under pressure, as well as cheating in sport. He is currently conducting studies on various topics, including the role of baroreceptors on nociception and pain, sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in hypertension, the effects of exercise and mental stress on the immune response to vaccination, choking during sporting competition, and the social neuroscience of morality in sport. His work has led to the publication of over 150 research articles, and he has collaborated with experts from many countries.

View Professor Christopher Ring's profile