Healthy ageing and diaphragm dysfunction: neuromuscular causes and implications for exercise tolerance.


   Faculty of Biological Sciences

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Dr B Taylor Dr C Ferguson Dr Scott Bowen  No more applications being accepted  Competition Funded PhD Project (European/UK Students Only)

About the Project

Normal ageing of the respiratory system involves significant and negative structural changes to the lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles. Specifically, healthy ageing is associated with contractile dysfunction and functional weakness of the diaphragm (i.e. the primary inspiratory muscle). However, the changes in neuromuscular function that cause this diaphragm dysfunction in older humans remain poorly understood. In addition, whether diaphragm dysfunction and weakness makes the diaphragm more susceptible to fatigue and plays a role in exercise intolerance in older humans is largely unknown.
This project will use a multidisciplinary experimental approach (cardiopulmonary exercise testing, peripheral and transcranial magnetic nerve stimulation, and ultrasonography) to investigate:
1) the impact of ageing on diaphragm neuromuscular physiology (including contractile properties, central activation, and diaphragm atrophy) in vivo in humans;
2) diaphragm fatigue characteristicsand fatigability in response to exhaustive exercise; and
3) the effect of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on diaphragm contractile function and exercise
tolerance in healthy older adults.

Funding Notes

We are seeking PhD applicants with the skills and enthusiasm to undertake demonstrating with our Sports and Exercise Sciences undergraduate cohorts. The successful candidate will undertake 120-250 hours of teaching per year alongside their PhD research. You should hold (or be expecting) at least a UK upper second class honours, in a relevant discipline and should also have an interest in teaching.
The studentship is open to UK or EU candidates and will provide fees at UK/EU level plus a stipend of £14,777 for 4 years (subject to progress).

References

Tiller NB, Turner LA, Taylor BJ. Pulmonary and respiratory function in response to 10 marathons in 10 days. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2018; Epub ahead of print (PMID: 30467593).

Taylor BJ, How SC, Romer LM. Expiratory muscle fatigue does not regulate operating lung volumes during high-intensity exercise in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol, 2014; 114: 1569-1576.

Taylor BJ, West CR, Romer LM. No effect of arm-crank exercise on diaphragmatic fatigue or ventilatory constraint in Paralympic athletes with cervical spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol, 2010; 109(2): 358-366 (PMID:20489038).

Davies MD, Benson AP, Cannon DT, Marwood S, Kemp JG, Rossiter HB, and Ferguson, C. Dissociating external power from intramuscular exercise intensity during intermittent bilateral knee-extension in humans. J Physiol, 595: 6673-6686, 2017

Bowen TS, Eisenkolb S, Drobner J, Fischer T, Werner S, Linke A, Mangner N, Schuler G, Adams V. High-intensity interval training prevents oxidant-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in hypertensive mice. FASEB J. 31(1):60-71, 2017.

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Project supervisors

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Career overview

Dr Scott Bowen is an Associate Professor in the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Leeds. He received his BSc and PhD from the University of Leeds, and completed an MSc at Loughborough University. Dr Bowen''s postdoctoral research was conducted at the Heart Center Leipzig from 2013 to 2017. He began his independent research career in the School of Biomedical Sciences at Leeds in 2017 and was awarded a Medical Research Council (MRC) New Investigator Research Grant (NIRG) in 2019. Dr Bowen''s research interests centre on muscle biology, particularly the mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting and weakness in both health and disease. His primary aim is to understand and develop optimal treatments for skeletal muscle disorders while also training young scientists for careers in the scientific field. His research training includes experience at various prestigious institutions, such as the Institute of Systems and Membrane Biology at the University of Leeds, the Department of Cardiology at Leipzig Heart Center, the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and the Applied Physiology Laboratory at Kobe University. Dr Bowen''s research funding has been supported by several organisations, including the MRC, Heart Research UK, the British Heart Foundation, the National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, the Ministry of Defence, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Leducq Foundation, and the British Council. His lab focuses on identifying key mechanisms contributing to muscle dysfunction in various diseases, such as heart failure, and aims to develop novel therapies that include small-molecule inhibitors and exercise training. A specific area of interest is the investigation of diaphragm weakness in acute and chronic diseases. In addition to his research, Dr Bowen has been actively involved in teaching a range of subjects related to exercise physiology and muscle function. He has previously taught on exercise prescription, physical activity, and health, and currently teaches on exercise testing, bioenergetics, and research skills. Dr Bowen is also an Associate Editor for the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia, and Muscle and serves on the committee for the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Dr Bowen is committed to fostering international collaborations to enhance scientific progress and cultural exchange, working with colleagues from institutions in Germany, Brazil, Japan, and China. He actively recruits motivated researchers at various levels to join his lab and encourages undergraduate students to engage in research projects that may lead to published manuscripts.


Research interests

Dr Scott Bowen''s research focuses on muscle biology, specifically the mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting and weakness in health and disease. The primary aim of the lab is to enhance understanding and develop optimal treatments for skeletal muscle disorders while training young scientists for careers in the scientific field. Key research areas include the molecular mediators of skeletal muscle weakness in conditions such as heart failure, ageing, and critical illness, as well as pharmacological, dietary, and exercise treatments for muscle pathology. Dr Bowen is particularly interested in diaphragm weakness in clinical disease and ageing, and the impact of trauma on muscle atrophy and regeneration. The lab is also dedicated to fostering international collaborations to advance scientific progress, with ongoing partnerships in Germany, Brazil, Japan, and China.

View Dr. Scott Bowen's profile