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  Dissecting mechanisms of mRNA translational control by specialised ribosomes


   Faculty of Biological Sciences

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Dr Julie Aspden Dr Juan Fontana  No more applications being accepted  Competition Funded PhD Project (European/UK Students Only)

About the Project

The average cell contains ~10 million ribosomes, comprised of ~80 ribosomal proteins and 4 rRNAs. Until recently it was thought that all ribosomes were the same. But substantial new evidence has revealed that ribosome heterogeneity provides an additional level of translational control. These different ribosome populations are termed ‘specialised ribosomes’. How these specialised ribosomes translate specific mRNA pools remains a mystery. This project aims to understand how changes in ribosome composition enable translation of specific mRNA pools by altered ribosome structures.

We have discovered differences in ribosome composition in Drosophila melanogaster brain and testis (project currently funded by a BBSRC grant). mRNA translation is particularly important during sperm production and neural function so it will be exciting to understand how this novel mechanism of gene regulation is achieved.

Using a cutting-edge combination of translatomics and structural biology this project will uncover the function and mechanism of specialised ribosomes. We will determine which mRNAs specialised ribosomes translate using Ribo-Seq (Next Generation Sequencing) and how specialisation is achieved using cryo-EM. These approaches are data intensive and represent priority bioscience skills areas, as both involve large data sets and bioinformatic analysis. This work has potential to shed light on the underlying mechanism of human diseases caused by mutations to ribosomal proteins e.g. Diamond-Blackfan.


Hypothesis
Specialised ribosomes regulate protein synthesis by targeting translation of specific pools of mRNAs through altered ribosome composition.

Objectives
1-Determine protein composition of specialised ribosomes.
2-Structural assessment of specialised ribosomes.
3-Determine translational output of specialised ribosomes.

Further further information on Aspden Group:
http://aspdenlab.weebly.com

Further information on omics research at Leeds:
http://www.leedsomics.org



Funding Notes

White Rose BBSRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Mechanistic Biology
4 year fully-funded programme of integrated research and skills training, starting Oct 2020:
• Research Council Stipend
• UK/EU Tuition Fees
• Conference and research funding

Requirements:
At least a 2:1 honours degree or equivalent. We welcome students with backgrounds in biological, chemical or physical sciences, or mathematical backgrounds with an interest in biological questions.

EU candidates require 3 years of UK residency to receive full studentship

Not all projects will be funded; the DTP will appoint a limited number of candidates via a competitive process.

https://phd.leeds.ac.uk/funding/81-white-rose-bbsrc-doctoral-training-partnership-in-mechanistic-biology

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Project supervisors

Career overview

Dr. Julie Aspden read Biochemistry at The Queen’s College, Oxford, before undertaking a PhD in Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge, focusing on the initiation of mRNA translation. Following her doctoral studies, Dr. Aspden completed two postdoctoral positions; the first at the University of California, Berkeley, where her research centred on alternative mRNA splicing in the fruit fly, and the second at the University of Sussex, where she defined novel regions of translation. In 2015, Dr. Aspden was awarded a University Academic Fellowship in Pervasive Transcription, which allowed her to establish her own research group at the University of Leeds in August 2015. Her research combines biochemistry, genomics, molecular biology, and genetics to investigate the roles of RNAs in fruit flies and mammalian tissue culture, leveraging the genetic and genomic advantages of *Drosophila* as a model organism.


Research interests

Dr. Aspden''s research focuses on the regulation of mRNA translation, non-coding RNA function, and the role of specific RNA-protein complexes. Her work combines biochemistry, genomics, molecular biology, and genetics to study RNAs in *Drosophila* and mammalian tissue culture. She is particularly interested in how translation is regulated during initiation, especially by the 5'' untranslated region (UTR) and associated proteins, and how disruptions to RNA-protein interactions and translational regulation can play significant roles in various cancers and disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy. Dr. Aspden also investigates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the cytoplasm, exploring their role in gene expression and their association with neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. She studies the function of cytoplasmic lncRNAs, which are increasingly recognised as being translated and involved in gene regulation. Furthermore, her research delves into the history of mRNA ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes, examining how proteins interact with mRNAs during processing and translation. Dr. Aspden aims to understand how RNA processing in the nucleus affects translation in the cytoplasm and how disturbances in mRNP composition can be detrimental to cellular function. Her research is currently funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and the Royal Society.

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