How to Choose a PhD Topic

Choosing a PhD topic is one of the most important academic decisions you’ll ever make. Unlike essays or even a Masters dissertation, your PhD research will demand at least three to four years of sustained focus and around 70,000–100,000 words of original work. That means your chosen topic must balance three things: it needs to be achievable within the time and resources available, interesting enough to keep you motivated throughout, and relevant enough to make a genuine contribution to your field.

Focusing on the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, this page features a selection of tips for finding a PhD research topic, with suggestions on identifying research opportunities and coming up with a thesis idea.

Before we look at some tips for choosing a PhD topic, let's discuss what makes a good one.

There are three things that make a good PhD topic. It needs to be:

• Achievable
• Interesting
• Socially, academically or practically relevant

Bear these points in mind when choosing your PhD topic - they'll help you understand whether an idea is worth pursuing or not.

If you’re currently at university, one of the first things to do is to speak to the tutors and academics in your department. These are the kinds of people who are likely to have an excellent grasp of what the main themes of research interest in your subject are.

It’s worth asking them for information on the following areas:

• What academic journals are publishing the most up-to-date work?
• Are there any particular articles or writers they’d recommend?
• Which university departments have a particular reputation for specialising in this field?

If you’re not currently studying at university, don’t be afraid to get back in touch with your previous tutors. After all, you’ll need to contact them for a PhD reference during your application anyway.

Once you’ve had a chance to speak to some academics, you’ll hopefully come away with a few potential PhD topics to begin researching.

In addition to speaking to your tutors, we'd recommend running research topic ideas by an experienced PhD supervisor.

If you don't already have contact with a PhD supervisor, try reaching out to supervisors of programmes that you're interested in. Contact them to set up a meeting and make sure you prepare appropriately - bringing some PhD topics with you would be a great place to start.

Having a discussion with an expert in your chosen field should help form your ideas into more robust research topics with clear gaols and aims. Listen to their feedback, but don't lose sight of your own topic - it's important that your idea is original and that you believe in it.

You can also look to the courses your current or past courses to get an idea on what areas of your field ignite your interest.

Think about topics that you find most interesting and that you are most likely to want to read about even in your free time. Once you’ve narrowed these down to a few areas, talk to your tutors to find out whether they have future PhD project potential.

The next step is to follow up on the leads you’ve garnered by doing some research of your own and reading around the subject. Try to find the most recent publications and journal articles, as this will give you the most accurate position of the current state of play in your field.

These are some questions to ask yourself as you do this research:

• Does it leave any unanswered questions?
• Is there any missing context?
• Does it go far enough?

You should be prepared to critically analyse the publications in your chosen area (this will be a big part of the literature review at the beginning of your PhD, so you can consider it preparation). Don’t be afraid to challenge any assumptions made by the authors – you may spot something that becomes an important part of your PhD thesis.

Depending on the discipline, there are often certain ‘priority’ areas that a university or Research Council is keen to fund PhDs in. Some institutions list these areas on their website – sometimes as ‘research groups’ or ‘research centres’ – but in other cases you might have to do some detective work to discover where the opportunities lie. These are a few ways you could go about that:

• Check out the work of current PhD students at your prospective university and see if there are any common themes linking their research
• Ask your tutors if they’re aware of any emerging areas in the field that are attracting extra attention from funding providers
• Think outside the box – collaborative, interdisciplinary projects may be able to draw on funding pots from other departments or universities

While it’s important to have an idea of these priority areas, you shouldn’t necessarily let them govern your search for a PhD topic. It’s no use deciding on a topic that attracts some funding if it’s not something you’re passionate about. Which brings us on to the next point…

One of the aspects of a PhD that sets it apart from any other academic challenge you’ve encountered so far is the sheer amount of time you’ll be spending on it: at least three years and a thesis of around 80,000 words.

It can be quite easy to romanticise the life of a PhD student, but try and imagine yourself 18 months into a programme, after the novelty has worn off and you’re left with the real nitty-gritty of your project. Do you reckon you could cope with the most boring part of your research, whether that’s trawling through endless archive materials or painstakingly writing up the results of a detailed survey?

If the answer is yes, that’s probably a good sign that your topic is something that holds enough interest to occupy your attention for its duration. If you’re not sure about the prospect of spending days or weeks on a single part of your project, maybe it’s a good idea to consider something that you will be happy to devote your time to.

Browse through the latest PhD opportunities to see what sort of topic suits you the most. Ask yourself:

• Are these topics similar to ones you've thought of?
• Do any of them interest you?
• What would it need to make you apply?

If you find PhD programmes that are similar to your topic, then it’s a good indication that you’re on to something good. However, if you don’t find similar topics, it doesn’t necessarily mean your idea isn’t a good one – it could mean that it’s a completely original idea. You can always contact PhD supervisors for a second opinion should you need more guidance.

Tips from the author

• Write a one-page prototype: Summarise aims, method, data sources, and risks. If you can’t do that quickly, your topic needs sharpening.
• Build a literature gap map: Note 3–5 key papers, what they miss, and where you could add value.
• Test methods early: Try a small pilot (a short archive visit, a dataset snippet, or a mini-qual study) to check feasibility.
• Flag ethics and access issues early: If your project depends on permissions, start inquiries before you apply.
• Keep a backup thread: Maintain one related but narrower idea that you could pivot to without losing progress.

Frequently asked questions

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