PhD Study in France – 2025

Thinking of doing a PhD in France? The country has produced the likes of Claude Monet, René Descartes and Gustave Eiffel (to name a few) and is steeped in art, history and culture. No wonder more than 250,000 international students choose to complete their postgraduate study in France. From a variety of specialised courses to affordable tuition fees, France has a lot to offer.

Why study a PhD in France?

Research and innovation hub – Did you know that France has produced 72 Nobel laureates? It’s not surprising given the French government’s emphasis on supporting research at higher education institutions in the country. This means more opportunities for innovation, research and funding wherever you study.
Affordability – PhD fees in France are fixed by the State, and international students pay the same amount as French students, making it one of the more affordable study destinations in Europe.
Specialisations – The French higher education system is proud of its specialisations. Many institutions, like the Grandes Ecoles and Schools of Arts and Applied Sciences, focus solely on providing teaching and courses in specialised areas.
Live à la Française – Good food (primarily wine and cheese!) are an essential part of French culture and as a PhD student you’ll have the chance to experience it all. Not to forget the art and culture you’ll be exposed to on a daily basis. After all, France is not just a country, it’s a lifestyle!

What makes a PhD in France different from other countries?

Even though the basic structure of the programme is similar to most other PhDs around the world, the extra emphasis on professional research training sets the French PhD apart.

This means you’ll be required to complete some extra course components, like research courses and training sessions, along with writing your thesis.

Research courses include teaching sessions and seminars that account for up to 150 hours of your doctorate. These can include modules on research ethics, career-centric courses or even language courses.

Academic calendar for a PhD in France

A PhD programme in France is usually advertised as part of a doctoral school. It lasts for 3-4 years ending with a thesis submission and a public viva examination. Each academic year begins in September or October, and ends in May or June. The year is divided into two semesters with the first ending with a two-week break at Christmas and the second usually beginning in January and ending with a longer, two-month break in the summer.

Assessments during a PhD in France

Despite there being a major training component in French PhDs, the main form of assessment is the production of an original doctoral thesis.

First, your thesis will be examined by two external assessors, appointed by the head of your doctoral school. They will determine whether it is fit for presentation.

If your thesis is approved, a thesis jury will be appointed. This will consist of 3-8 members specialising in your field of research. At least half of the members will be French and external to your institution and doctoral school. The other half will be members of the National University Council (Conseil national des universités). After presenting your research methods and results, you will debate and ‘defend’ them to the jury during a public viva voce (oral examination). Don’t worry, even though at least half the members of the panel will be French, you don’t have to necessarily give your presentation in French.

Before your presentation, a description of your thesis is circulated within the university. Afterwards, your full thesis is also made available.

The jury will grade your thesis as: honourable, very honourable or very honourable “cum laude”. The highest grade in France is reserved for students who demonstrate exceptional qualities in their thesis and presentation.

What our guides cover

If you’re interested in studying your PhD in France, we’ve covered everything you need to know in our guides including:

Applications: Find out whether you meet the entry requirements for a French PhD, and what you'll need to apply!
Funding: Learn about the scholarships, bursaries and other funding opportunities on offer for PhD students in France.
Student accommodation: The accommodation available for PhD students in France, and typical costs.
Working in France as a student: How to work in France during your PhD, and post-study work opportunities.
Visas: What visa you'll need to study a PhD in France and how to apply.