The content and organisation of Belgian PhD programmes can vary slightly depending on whether you are studying at a Flanders or Wallonia institution.
However, all research institutions in Belgium follow the guidelines set by the Bologna process, and therefore all Belgian PhDs are third-cycle degrees adhering to the same standards and receiving the same international recognition.
PhD length
At Belgian universities, PhD programmes usually last around 4 years. However, there is a slight distinction between Flemish and Walloon doctoral programmes; in Flanders the maximum length of a PhD is usually 4 years, in Wallonia students often register for 4-6 years.
Supervision
The supervision of Belgian PhD students is usually the same regardless of which region you are based in.
You will have at least one supervisor, or thesis director, responsible for overseeing your research, guiding your professional development, and approving your final thesis. You may also have additional supervisory figures to guide your doctoral development.
Belgian PhD programmes and students are often organised by doctoral colleges or schools belonging to the university. These determine the content of your PhD, including any doctoral teaching and training, and help support you during and after your studies.
Employed assistant status
As a PhD student in Belgium, you will often be recognised as a research or teaching assistent rather than a standard student. This is equivalent to being an employee of the university. As such you may receive a salary and employment rights but will also have certain teaching and administrative responsibilities.
Assessment and examination
As with most PhD programmes, in Belgium you will be assessed based on your written thesis. Additionally, you will be examined in a public défense. This will be conducted by experts in your research field and may include your supervisor and academics external to your research institution.